![]() ![]() The novel benefit of volume electron microscopy is the ability to generate near-TEM resolution images using backscatter detection of a block face rather than from an ultrathin section. ![]() TEM, alternatively, produces nanometer-resolution images by transmitting electrons through an ultrathin section of a sample. SEM utilizes high-resolution back-scatter detection to provide detailed information of the surface of a sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are the most common types of electron microscopy used to study organelle ultrastructure. Despite advances in light microscopy imaging in recent years, EM continues to provide unmatched high resolution ultrastructural detail and 3D visualization. Imaging of mitochondria and ER has typically been performed using light microscopy and electron microscopy (EM). Because mitochondria and ER are crucial for cellular function and survival, their study is relevant to many disciplines and they have potential as targets for pharmaceutical research on neurodegenerative, cancer, and viral disease treatments. Given the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, which is a crucial process involved in cancer, mitochondrial research is critical for cancer treatment. Further, calcium levels play a role in regulation of the citric acid cycle and calcium signaling associated with apoptosis. In addition, the mitochondrial role in maintenance of calcium homeostasis is connected to cellular apoptosis cellular calcium levels affect ER calcium levels, which in turn regulate mitosis. For example, Dynamin-related protein-1 (DRP-1) regulates mitochondrial fission and associates with early stages of apoptosis, and changes in mitochondrial ultra-structures are associated with chemical pathways that regulate calcium, potassium, and other biomolecules. Mitochondria are typically associated with their role in oxidative phosphorylation, which is crucial for ATP generation, however, their functions extend beyond energetics. Because these organelles play major roles in regulating homeostasis and ensuring organism survival, it is important to study their various structure-dependent functions. Organelles involved in metabolism, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are some of the most studied cellular structures. SUN (requires optional ImageMagick plugin).Cellular organelle research increases understanding of the physiological functions of cells such as vital cellular processes including apoptosis, respiration, and mitosis.BMP (requires optional ImageMagick plugin).OpenEXR (requires optional OpenEXR plugin).Experimental plugins include OpenFX, OFF, RIB and X formats. Geometry Formats: Wavefront OBJ, GTS and a raw format are fully supported, other ones are optional and depend on PLIB installation.Support for alternate script engine plugins and environments.K3DScript engine (minimal scripting engine for tutorials / macros).Python engine (preferred engine for new script development).Extensible support for alternate render engines and models: Yafray.Full RenderMan Support: Aqsis, Pixie, BMRT, PRman, 3Delight, Render Dot C. ![]()
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